Which of the following is a potential barrier to entry in a market?

High startup costs are a significant barrier to entry in a market because they can deter new competitors from entering or participating in an industry. When the initial investment required to start a business is substantial, it makes it challenging for potential entrants to secure funding or allocate resources. This financial hurdle often limits the number of firms that can successfully launch operations, thereby reinforcing the market position of existing companies.

In contrast, low brand loyalty might actually facilitate entry since consumers may be receptive to trying new brands. Easy access to distribution channels can create a more competitive environment, favoring new entrants who can easily get their products to market. Frequent changes in technology may also lower barriers, as innovation can create new opportunities for entry rather than obstruct them. Therefore, high startup costs stand out as a concrete obstacle for new businesses trying to establish themselves in a market.