What type of barriers did GATT reforms aim to address?

The correct response highlights that GATT reforms were designed to tackle both tariff and non-tariff barriers to trade. Historically, GATT, or the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, which was established after World War II, primarily focused on reducing tariffs, which are taxes imposed on imported goods. The intent was to facilitate international trade by lowering these financial obstacles.

However, as trade dynamics evolved, the organization recognized that non-tariff barriers—such as quotas, import licenses, subsidization, and various regulatory and standards-related measures—also significantly hindered trade. These non-tariff barriers can create challenges that are sometimes even more restrictive than tariffs, thereby necessitating reforms that would encompass both types of barriers to promote a more open and fair global trading environment.

By addressing both tariff and non-tariff barriers, GATT aimed to create a comprehensive framework for international trade that would help member countries navigate and negotiate trade issues more effectively, fostering economic growth and cooperation on a global scale.